Here are the rules of Pangasinan orthography proposed by Pablo Mejia in his book Bilay tan Kalkalar nen Rizal.
[nia, ninia, nirania, dia, onia] should be [niya, niniya, niranya, diya, oniya]
[saya, satan, saman] before verb
[itan, iman] after verb ending with a consonant
[‘ya, ‘tan, ‘man] after verb ending with a vowel
[‘ya] as mananuro always has an apostrophe wether it follows a verb ending with a consonant and vowel
[na saya, na satan, na saman] become [-nya, -ntan, -nman] and attaches to a word it follows when ending in a vowel (e.g., manalanya, mangalantan, mangalanman)
[diya, ditan, diman] become [-dya, -dtan, -dman] when following a vowel (e.g., wadya, wadtan, wadman)
- exceptions: if [diya, ditan, diman] follows [no, na, so, singa] (e.g., no diya; singa ditan]
[dia ed] becomes [diad] not [diya ed, diyad, dyad]
[dia] a preposition is different from [diya] panangeper
[diya] can stay at the begining and end of a sentence (e.g. Diya man-ayam; Man-ayam diya)
[dia] can’t stay at the end of a sentence (e.g. siak ited mo dia ed)
[diya] may not come with [ed] (e.g. Diya man ayam.)
[dia] always comes with [ed] (e.g. dia siak ited moy kuarta)
[rá] to express “biglan besngaw”
[‘ra] to express mabanayad
[saraya, saratan, saraman] come before a verb (e.g., saraya mankimey, saratan mankimey, saraman mankimey)
[saraya, saratan, saraman] become [iraya, iratan, iraman] when following a consonant (e.g. mankimey iraya, mankimey iratan, mankimey iraman)
[iraya, iratan, iraman] become [raya, ratan, raman] when following a vowel (e.g., Mangawa raya, ondere ratan, mikasi raman)
[rá] as sandingaran could combine with [‘ya, ‘tan, ‘man] (e.g., Inbaga ra ‘ya)
if [rá] is a sandingaran or panangayarian pananuron [‘ya] can be combined with it (e.g., rá ‘ya, rá ‘tan, rá ‘man)
[rá] becomes [da] when followed by [ra, raya, ratan, raman, ranya, rantan] (e.g. Inala da ‘ra; Inbaki da ‘ra)
[ko] becomes [ta] if followed by [ka] or [kayo] (e.g., “Aroen takayo” not “Aroen ko kayo”)
[ta] could partner with [sikata] (e.g., sikata inaralta so gramatica) but it’s okay if [sikata] is no longer used
[ta] could be used in a question (e.g., Tá, napanoleyan moak? Akin ta et ontay gawaen mo?) but put accent in “a” and coma when at the beginning.
Salitan nantetekep
- wadyan (wa diya ya)
- inalatadman (inala ta diman)
- inalatadmay (inala ta diman ya)
- kinerewladyan (kinerew la diman ed)
[o] vs [u]
- ikana lahwas so “u” ed bekas a maranet
- ikana lahwas so “o” ed bekas a marlas o aliwan maranet
mungay-bigla mungay kaduadanet mungay katlodanet munay kapatdanet munay duankaranetan
sikato so → sikatoy dia ed → diad linma ed → linmad iraya → raya Talao na Pangasinan → Talaoy Pangasinan lahbi ya ambilonget → lahbin ambilonget dalin na mayaman → daliy mayaman sikato sirin so onla → sikato siri onla
not:
- sikato’y
- dia’d
- linma’d
- ‘raya
- Talao’y
- lahbi’n
- dali’
- sikato siri’
Use ’ after proper noun (e.g., Nito’y akankien). Don’t separate two vowels or two consonants using a dash
No dash between pasngeg and ngaran (e.g., manJudas, nanPenggo) except when ngaran begins with a vowel (e.g., man-Ana)
1srt = k1 2nd = k2 etc.
komatlon dasig = k3n dasig
[an, anan] become [wan, wanan] when following “o” (e.g., Kaarowan) [en, anen] become [wen, wanen] when following “o” (e.g., Im-impowen)
[an, anan] become [yan, yanen]